Curing Material dialog box (Simcenter Samcef)

Use this dialog box to define curing material for a Nonlinear structural analysis or a Thermal analysis.

Property View
Select the Samcef curing material type you want to define. To define a structural THERMOSET material for a Nonlinear structural analysis, select Simcenter Samcef Curing Structure.To define a curing THERM material for a Thermal analysis, select Simcenter Samcef Curing Thermal.
Properties
Mass Density (RHO)	Sets the material mass density.

Simcenter Samcef Curing Structure

The following pages appear when you select Simcenter Samcef Curing Structure from the Property View list.

You can define a Simcenter Samcef Curing Structure in two ways:

• You can define the Matrix and Fibers material properties. From these properties, the solver computes the homogenized CTE and CSC coefficients used in the curing reaction.

• You can directly define these homogenized CTE and CSC coefficients in the Composite page.

Matrix page
Use this page to define all the material properties related to the matrix.
Young's Modulus
Young's Modulus	Sets the Young's modulus for the Glassy, Rubbery, and Liquid states.These properties can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the YTM parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Poisson's Ratio type	Specifies whether the Poisson's ratio values you set for the Glassy, Rubbery, and Liquid states are Major Poisson's Ratio or Minor Poisson's Ratio values.
Poissons Ratio
GlassyRubberyLiquid	Sets the Poisson's ratios for the Glassy, Rubbery, and Liquid states.These properties can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the NTM parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE)
Thermal Expansion Coefficient Type	Specifies whether the Poisson's ratio values you set for the Glassy, Rubbery, and Liquid states are Secant or Tangent values.Note: The Thermal Expansion Coefficient Type for materials created in earlier releases before the Secant and Tangent designations were available appear with the Undefined type.
GlassyRubberyLiquid	Sets the CTE coefficients for the Glassy, Rubbery, and Liquid states.These coefficients can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the AM parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Chemically-Induced Shrinkage Coefficient
Chemically-Induced Shrinkage Coefficient	Sets the CSC coefficients for the Glassy, Rubbery, and Liquid states.These coefficients can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the BETM parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Other Matrix Properties
Gel Point	Sets the degree of cure's gel point limit.For more information, see the XGEL parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
The following properties define the Prony series that model the visco-elastic behavior of the matrix.
Elastic Data Selection	Lets you select the Instantaneous or the Long Term configuration.For more information, see the LONG parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Weighting Factor****Relaxation Time	Sets the couples of {weighting factor, relaxation time} that define the Prony series.These data can be constant, or they can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the WGT and TAU parameters of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Time Shift Factor	Sets the time-shift factor for reduced time computation.The time-shift can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the RETI parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.

Fibers page
Use this page to define all the material properties related to fibers.
Fibers Properties
Longitudinal Young's Modulus (E1)	Sets the Young's modulus of the fibers in the E1 direction.The Young's modulus can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the YTF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Transverse Young's Modulus (E2)	Sets the Young's modulus of the fibers in the E2 direction.The Young's modulus can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the YTF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
In-plane Shear Modulus (G12)	Sets the in-plane shear modulus of the fibers.The modulus can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the GF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Transverse Shear Modulus (G23)	Sets the transverse shear modulus of the fibers.The modulus can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the GF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Poisson's Ratio type	Specifies whether the values you set for Poisson's Ratio (NU12) and Poisson's Ratio (NU23) are Major Poisson's Ratio or Minor Poisson's Ratio values.
Poisson's Ratio (NU12)	Sets the NU12 Poisson's ratio of the fibers.The ratio can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the NTF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Poisson's Ratio (NU23)	Sets the NU23 Poisson's ratio of the fibers.The ratio can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the NTF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
**Thermal Expansion Coefficient (longitudinal)**Thermal Expansion Coefficient (transverse)	Sets the longitudinal and transverse CTE coefficients.The coefficients can be constant, or they can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the AF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Fibers Volume Fraction	Lets you set the fibers volume fraction.For more information, see the VF parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.

Composite page
Use this page to define homogenized CTE and CSC coefficients.To populate the homogenized properties table:Click in the CTE or CSC row whose values you want to add.Enter a value in each of the following boxes:Glassy *([coefficient_type]n)*Rubbery *([coefficient_type]n)*Liquid *([coefficient_type]n)*where coefficient_type indicates CTE or CSC, and n indicates the table row number and type of value.
Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE)
Thermal Expansion Homogenization Method	Specifies the method to use for calculating the CTE.**Mixture Law (HOMA 0)**Weighted mean. For more information, see Rule of mixture for the coefficient of thermal expansion in Homogenization models for UD plies in the Simcenter Samcef solver documentation.**Rosen Hashin Model (HOMA 1)**Chemical-induced shrinkage coefficient.For more information, see Rosen and Hashin model for the coefficient of thermal expansion in Mechanical behavior of curing thermoset composites in the Simcenter Samcef solver documentation.Homogenized PropertiesLets you enter the orthotropic CTE values for glass, rubbery, and liquid states.
Homogenized Properties table	Appears when Thermal Expansion Homogenization Method is set to Homogenized Properties.Lets you define the three orthotropic CTEs: CTE1 row defines the CTE in the fibers direction for each state.CTE2 row defines the transverse in-plane CTE for each state.CTE3 row defines the out-of-plane CTE for each state. For each CTE, you define a value for the Glassy state, a value for the Rubbery state, and a value for the Liquid state.These coefficients can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the AH parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Chemically-Induced Shrinkage Coefficient (CSC)
Chemical Properties Method	Specifies the method to use for calculating the CSC.**Mixture Law (HOMB 0)**Weighted mean.For more information, see Rule of mixture for the chemically-induced shrinkage coefficient in Mechanical behavior of curing thermoset composites in the Simcenter Samcef solver documentation.**Rosen Hashin Model (HOMB 1)**Suitable for transversely isotropic material.For more information, see Rosen and Hashin model for the chemically-induced shrinkage coefficient in Mechanical behavior of curing thermoset composites in the Simcenter Samcef solver documentation.Homogenized PropertiesLets you enter the orthotropic CTE values for glass, rubbery, and liquid states.
Homogenized Properties table	Appears when Chemical Properties Method is set to Homogenized Properties.Lets you define the three orthotropic CSCs: CSC1 row defines the CSC in the fibers direction for each state.CSC2 row defines the transverse in-plane CSC for each state.CSC3 row defines the out-of-plane CSC for each state. For each CSC, you define a value for the Glassy state, a value for the Rubbery state, and a value for the Liquid state.These coefficients can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the BETH parameter of the thermoset material in the Samcef documentation.
Woven Fabric
For more information, see Homogenization model for woven fabrics in the Samcef documentation.
Warp relative thickness (HW)	Sets the thickness of the warp (lengthwise or longitudinal) yarn in the woven fabric.
Relative Fill Thickness (HF)	Sets the thickness of the fill yarn (weft) in the woven fabric.
Corrective Constant (C)	Sets the corrective coefficient, which is equally applied in both the warp and fill directions (assuming a balanced woven fabric). The corrective constant accounts for undulation.
Composite Young's Modulus
Composite Properties table	Lets you define the following orthotropic coefficients of the fibers: Fiber Direction (E1) row defines the coefficient in the fibers direction for each state.Transverse In-Plane (E2) row defines the transverse in-plane coefficient for each state.Out-Of-Plane (E3) row defines the out-of-plane coefficient for each state. For each coefficient, you define a value for the Glassy state, a value for the Rubbery state, and a value for the Liquid state.These coefficients can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see Direct definition of the composite properties and the YTH parameter in Mechanical behavior of curing thermoset composites in the Samcef documentation.
Composite Poisson's Ratio
Composite Properties table	Lets you define the following orthotropic coefficients of the fibers: Fiber Direction (Nu121) defines the coefficient in the fibers direction for each state.Transverse In-Plane (Nu13) defines the transverse in-plane coefficient for each state.Out-Of-Plane (Nu23) defines the out-of-plane coefficient for each state. For each coefficient, you define a value for the Glassy state, a value for the Rubbery state, and a value for the Liquid state.These coefficients can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the NTH parameter in Mechanical behavior of curing thermoset composites in the Samcef documentation.
Composite Shear Modulus
Composite Properties table	Lets you define the following orthotropic coefficients of the fibers: Fiber Direction (G12) defines the coefficient in the fibers direction for each state.Transverse In-Plane (G13) defines the transverse in-plane coefficient for each state.Out-Of-Plane (G23) defines the out-of-plane coefficient for each state. For each coefficient, you define a value for the Glassy state, a value for the Rubbery state, and a value for the Liquid state.These coefficients can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the GTH parameter in Mechanical behavior of curing thermoset composites in the Samcef documentation.

Simcenter Samcef Curing Thermal

The following pages appear when you select Samcef Curing Thermal from the Property View list.

Thermal page
Specific Heat (CP)	Sets the material specific heat.This coefficient can be constant, or it can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the CAPA parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Thermal Conductivity (K)	Lets you define the material's thermal conductivity.If you select Isotropic, you define one single isotropic value. If you select Orthotropic, you must define three values.The thermal conductivities can be constant, or they can be dependent on the Temperature, the Glass Transition Temperature, the Degree of Cure, or a combination of these dependencies.For more information, see the COND parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.

Curing Reaction page
Basic Properties
Curing Heat (hcur)	Sets the curing heat.For more information, see the HCUR parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Matrix mass Fraction (mmf)	Sets the matrix mass fraction.For more information, see the MMF parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Model Properties
Cure Kinetic Model	Specifies the curing reaction model (Samcef, Lee, Chiu and Lin, Auto-Catalytic, n-th Order, Kamal and Sourour, Lee, Loos and Springer, or User-Defined Cure Kinetics).
**Frequency of Reaction (freq)**Frequency of Reaction (freq2)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Samcef or Lee, Chiu and Lin.Sets the frequencies of the partial reaction.For more information, see the FREQ parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Activation Energy (ener) (per Mole)**Activation Energy (ener2) (per Mole)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Samcef or Lee, Chiu and Lin.Sets the activation energies of the partial reaction.For more information, see the ENER parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Reaction Order (nord)****Reaction Order (nord2)**Reaction Order (nord3)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Samcef or Lee, Chiu and Lin.Sets the reaction orders.The coefficients can be constant, or they can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the NORD parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Frequency of Reaction (freq)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Auto-Catalytic.Sets the frequency of the partial reaction.For more information, see the FREQ parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Activation Energy (ener) (per Mole)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Auto-Catalytic.Sets the activation energy of the partial reaction.For more information, see the ENER parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Reaction Order (nord)**Reaction Order (nord2)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Auto-Catalytic.Sets the reaction orders.The coefficients can be constant, or they can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the NORD parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Frequency of Reaction (freq)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to n-th Order.Sets the frequency of the partial reaction.For more information, see the FREQ parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Activation Energy (ener) (per Mole)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to n-th Order.Sets the activation energy of the partial reaction.For more information, see the ENER parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Reaction Order (nord)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to n-th Order.Sets the reaction order.The coefficient can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the NORD parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Frequency of Reaction (freq)**Frequency of Reaction (freq2)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Kamal and Sourour.Sets the frequencies of the partial reaction.For more information, see the FREQ parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Activation Energy (ener) (per Mole)**Activation Energy (ener2) (per Mole)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Kamal and Sourour.Sets the activation energies of the partial reaction.For more information, see the ENER parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Reaction Order (nord)**Reaction Order (nord2)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Kamal and Sourour.Sets the reaction orders.The coefficients can be constant, or they can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the NORD parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Frequency of Reaction (freq)****Frequency of Reaction (freq2)**Frequency of Reaction (freq3)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Lee, Loos and Springer.Sets the frequencies of the partial reaction.For more information, see the FREQ parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Activation Energy (ener) (per Mole)****Activation Energy (ener2) (per Mole)**Activation Energy (ener3) (per Mole)	Appear when Cure Kinetic Model is set Lee, Loos and Springer.Sets the activation energies of the partial reaction.For more information, see the ENER parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Threshold Degree of Cure (XC)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Lee, Loos and Springer.Sets the threshold value for the degree of cure.For more information, see the XC parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
B Constant (B)	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Lee, Loos and Springer.Sets the B constant of the law.
ANF	Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to User-Defined Cure Kinetics.Sets the curing function.For more information, see the ANF parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation and the Samcef curing page in the Simcenter Samcef solver documentation.
Glass Transition Temperature (gla)
Glass Transition Temperature (gla)	Sets the parameters for the Di Benedetto glass transition formula: theUncured Resin temperature, the Fully Cured Resin temperature, and the Lambda coefficient.For more information, see the GLA parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Effect of Vitrification
Appears when Cure Kinetic Model is set to Samcef.
Model	Lets you choose between the Glass Transition (Tg) Based or the Fourier model (Maximum degree of Cure) model of vitrification. By selecting None, you do not add a vitrification effect to the material.
Diffusion Coefficient (bdif)	Sets the coefficient of diffusion for the vitrification.For more information, see the BDIF parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
**Diffusion Coefficient (bdif2)**Diffusion Coefficient (bdif2)	Appear when Model is set to Glass Transition (Tg) Based. Sets the two other diffusion coefficients.For more information, see the BDIF parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.
Maximum Degree of Cure (dcur)	Appears when Model is set to Fourier model (Maximum degree of Cure). Sets the maximum degree of cure value.The coefficient can be constant, or it can be temperature dependent.For more information, see the DCUR parameter of the thermal curing material in the Samcef documentation.

For more information on the Glass Transition Temperature and the Degree of Cure, see Temperatures and degree of cure used in curing thermoset materials (Simcenter Samcef).

For more information, see the Samcef Curing thermoset material page.

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Curing Material dialog box (Simcenter Samcef), Simcenter 3D 2021.1 Series

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