Boundary conditions > Simulation objects > Simcenter 3D Thermal/Flow, Electronic Systems Cooling, and Space Systems Thermal simulation objects
Immersed Ducts
You can now use the Immersed Ducts simulation object to model the convection between the created 1D duct network and surrounding 3D solid elements. Each element of a 1D duct automatically couples to a 3D solid element. Using the Immersed Ducts command, you can define heat transfer effects of the cooling hole passages without explicitly modeling the holes in 3D geometry such as blades or vanes. A 1D duct network represents cooling hole passages.
Immersed Ducts requirements
To define an Immersed Ducts:
Mesh the solid geometry without crerating the holes.
Create a 1D fluid duct element at the centerline of the holes.
Use a Duct type of 1D duct mesh collector.
Set the heat transfer coefficient to apply heat transfer to the computation points around the circumference of the cooling holes.
You can examine:
Heat transfer coefficients on ducts by requesting the elemental type of results from the Free and Forced Convection Coefficients Results Location list.
Heat loads at the solid element's center of gravity received from the ducts, by requesting the Total Load and Fluxes results type.
| Immersed Ducts Convection Coefficient — Elemental | Immersed Ducts Heat Loads — Elemental |
|---|
Supported variables
The following table lists the independent variables for the Immersed Ducts quantities that you can define using fields and expressions.
| Quantity | Variables | Auto-generated expressions |
|---|---|---|
| Heat Transfer Coefficient | Convection Coefficient | fluid_temperatureheat_flow_ratemass_flow_ratenxnynzpressureradiusrotational_speedtemperaturetemperature_differencethermal_capacitancethicknesstimevolume_flow_ratexyz |
In expressions, you can also use all built-in functions that are listed in Mathematical functions in expressions and most built-in functions that are listed in Thermal-flow functions in expressions.
Where do I find it?
| Application | Pre/Post |
|---|---|
| Command Finder | Immersed Ducts |
| Simulation Navigator | Right-click the Simulation Object Container node→New Simulation Object→Immersed Ducts |
How do I
Create a duct flow network and model heat transfer using 3D solid elements
Create a duct flow network
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Inputs to expressions
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Simcenter 3D Thermal/Flow, Electronic Systems Cooling, and Space Systems Thermal boundary conditions
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Immersed Ducts, Simcenter 3D 2021.1 Series
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Source: https://docs.sw.siemens.com/en-US/doc/289054037/PL20200601120302950.advanced/xid1668152 · retrieved 2026-07-17